![]() He works on it as long as he doesn't understand it, but as soon as he understands it he wants somebody else to do it.” (2) Despite the help of his wife and professors, Land dropped out of Harvard again in 1932, and never completed his degree. Land can't you do something to get him to finish ?” She replied, “Oh, it's the bane of my existence. Land was in the class of a graduate student, George Wheelwright, when Wheelwright called Land's wife asking, “Mrs. To try and ensure Land's success his professors suggested that his wife help type his lab reports at their house at 40 Linnean Street, so that Land would earn credit for the intriguing experiments he was doing. Once Land had solved a problem in his own head, he had no interest in writing it down or explaining it to others. After attending some classes at Columbia and experimenting in the field of polarized light, Land re-enrolled at Harvard, but maintaining his interest was difficult. Writing never satisfied his scientific passions, however, in New York he did meet Helen Maislen (known as Terre), the woman who was to be his wife for the next 61 years. ![]() Land asked for a leave of absence from Harvard, and moved to New York City to try his hand at writing the next great American novel. Those he saw around him did not share his passion, and his learning style was not conducive to the academic system. After only one semester, however, he became disillusioned with the academic process. Land came to Cambridge in 1927 to attend Harvard University, and quickly distinguished himself as a brilliant thinker. The impact of his work is immense, yet Edwin Land is perhaps best known for the company he created: Polaroid. Land played a formative role in the study of optics, chemistry, physics, electronics, educational policy, and military strategy during both the Second World War and the Cold War. As his biographer Victor McElheny explains, “Recounting his life is a meditation on the nature of innovation.” (1) He created internationally-known products, established two entire industries, and the company he founded became a household name. By focusing on Polaroid's " objectness " and its dialectical tension with the immateriality of digital photography, the paper highlights an increasingly common process of circulation between analogue and digital photographic environments and argues that this process of circulation can be conceived in terms of a " remediation " process between analogue and digital practices.Edwin Land (1909-1991) was an institution of innovation. The article is based on empirical data collected during a multi-sited ethnography conducted in Italy between 20. Drawing on STS literature on the mutual shaping of users and technology, and on anthropology and the history of photography, it adopts the concept of " photo-object " to discuss how the digitalization of photography stimulated a change in the cultural significance of materiality in the context of aspirational amateur photography, thus showing how this triggered a redefinition of instant photography as a more authentic form of aspirational practice. The article focuses on the reconfiguration of analogue instant photography (Polaroid-like) in the digital age. Consequently my research explores the development of the dark ride over the past century by presenting a prehistory of the dark ride technologies upon which the most recent twenty-first century rides are founded. The methodological approach that I have adopted is that of media archaeology as described by Wolfgang Ernst in Erkki Huhtamo and Jussi Parikka’s Media Archaeology: Approaches, Applications, and Implications. Grusin in their book Remediation, underpins my research. The phenomenon of media remediation, as defined by J. My discovery shows that while the principle dark ride concept has remained the same, that is, ride vehicles travel through darkened spaces, the development of new technologies has resulted in massive changes to the creative process and end product. ![]() The research herein examines how together they combine with new technologies to remediate and transform century old dark rides like the Old Mill Ride and Hales Tours of the World to create breathtaking new rides like Transformers: The Ride 3D. The three inventions are the Amusement Railway, the Combination Training Device for Student Aviators and Entertainment Apparatus and Polarizing Refracting Bodies. By revealing the connections of three major inventions from the early 1930s to today's dark rides, this thesis fills gaps in dark ride literature that might otherwise remain unstated, unrelated and unexplored. This research examines how for more than a hundred years creators of dark rides have used cutting-edge technologies to affect an assault on the body and minds of their patrons. ![]()
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